Back to Manual QA
1. HTTP & Web Fundamentals
1. What is HTTP?
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transferring data over the web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers should respond to various commands.
2. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP. It uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect data transmitted between the client and server.
3. How does HTTPS send requests securely?
HTTPS uses TLS (Transport Layer Security) or SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt the data. It involves a handshake process where the server presents a certificate to prove its identity, and then a secure, encrypted session is established.
4. How are HTTP status codes classified (1xx, 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx)?
1xx: Informational (Request received, continuing process). 2xx: Success (Request successfully received, understood, and accepted). 3xx: Redirection (Further action needs to be taken). 4xx: Client Error (The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled). 5xx: Server Error (The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request).
5. What is JSON and how is it used?
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. It is commonly used for transmitting data in web applications (e.g., sending data from the server to the client).
6. What is the difference between cookies and cache?
Cookies are small text files stored on the client-side used for tracking user sessions and preferences. Cache is temporary storage used to store web page resources (images, scripts) to speed up loading times on subsequent visits.
What is a Test Oracle?
A mechanism, different from the program itself, used to determine if the output of a test execution is correct (e.g., a spec, a separate program, or human judgment).